579 species of animal organisms are listed in the Red Book of the Rostov Region. According to the law, the document is reissued every 10 years (data is updated and considered authentic after the registration procedure). The animal kingdom includes 252 species, of which 58 biological organisms are birds, 21 are mammals, 111 are arthropods (they include 110 species of insects), 6 are reptiles, 15 are fish, as well as amphibians, cyclostomes and polychaete worms. Also, certain species of plants and mushrooms that are on the verge of extinction are listed in the Red Book.
Bursh
This fish has long reigned in deep-water rivers and some lakes. The banks of the Volga and Ural, Don and Terek, Sulak and Samur were famous for its views. It is less common in the salty waters of the Black Sea and Caspian Sea. Recently, it has been found extremely rarely in Russia, which is why it is listed in the Red Book.
This fish is medium in size and looks similar to pike perch and pike perch. Bursch is a predator by nature, so it feeds only on fish. Fishermen-poachers caught these fish en masse in nets, in very large quantities.
Therefore, its numbers began to decrease at a rapid pace. Moreover, industrial production made a huge contribution. Pouring all your waste into river and lake basins. Today, fishing with nets is strictly prohibited. There is also a fight against enterprises that pollute rivers and seas.
Fishes listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and their distribution areas
Fish listed in the Red Books are divided into five categories depending on the number of their species:Category I - species (subspecies) under threat of extinction; species whose numbers have reached a critical level as a result of fundamental changes in their habitats and which are likely to disappear in the near future; species that may already be extinct.
Category II - species whose numbers are rapidly declining; rare or even common species in the recent past with such a steadily declining number that in the near future, unless emergency measures are taken, they will become endangered.
Category III - rare species that are not yet under immediate threat of extinction, but are found in such small numbers or in such small areas that any serious danger can quickly lead to their extinction.
Category I - little-known, insufficiently studied species, possibly endangered, but lack of information does not allow them to be confidently classified in one of the first three categories.
Category V - restored species, the numbers of which began to increase under the influence of previously taken measures. Now they are emerging from the dangers hanging over them, but their condition must be constantly monitored.
Beluga of Azov. Category 1 - subspecies of beluga, which is on the verge of extinction. Distribution: Azov Sea basin, from where it rises into rivers for reproduction. The main spawning river was the Don, along which, judging by archaeological materials, it reached almost the upper reaches. Much less of it went to Kuban. The regulation of the Don flow by the Tsimlyansk dam and the Kuban by the Fedorov hydroelectric complex cut off almost all the spawning grounds of the Azov beluga.
Bersh, Volga pike perch, category 3 - a rare population of bersh bass. R. Ural. Distribution: In Russia the species lives in bass. pp. Volga, Ural, Don, Terek, Sulak and Samur, sometimes found in desalinated pre-estuary zones of the Caspian Sea. In the r. Ural, which is the east. border of the species' range, found in the middle reaches, as well as in the tributaries of the Sakmara and Ilek. In 1957-1959. as a result of accidental introduction came from the river. Ural in the lake Balkhash, where by the early 70s. naturalized.
Russian Bystryanka category 2 is a declining subspecies of the common Bystryanka. Distribution: Described from the river. Kama. Lives in bass. Dniester, Southern Bug, Dnieper, Don and Volga. In Russia it is found in bass. Dnieper in the territories of Smolensk (Dnieper river), Bryansk (Snov river) and Kursk (Seim river) regions; in the bass Don River is marked on the territory of the Voronezh region. in the river Hopper; in the bass Volga river Moscow, Kama, Vyatka, Protva, some tributaries of the Kama, unknown below the Kama (with the exception of the Samara River). It is possible that the Bass fastfish belongs to the same subspecies. Kuban (rivers Kuban, Belaya, Pshekha, Laba), the taxonomic status of which remains debatable.
dwarf roller is a rare species. Distribution: The main part of the species' range is in the North. America and has a mosaic character (region of the Alaska Peninsula, British Columbia, Lake Superior of the Great Lakes system). In Russia, where it was first discovered in 1989, it lives on the Chukotka Peninsula in the bass. R. Amguema, in particular in lake. Ekityki, Nameless, Goltsovoye. All lakes are large and deep (up to 40 m), of tectonic or glacial origin.
carp is a subspecies whose current status is not sufficiently clear. Distribution: Lives in bass. Black and Azov seas. Previously, it was widespread and came to spawn in many rivers along the entire coast of the Black and Azov Seas; currently, probably disappeared in most of the range, found in 2-3 rivers of Bulgaria, in the basin. upper Dniester, in the basin. upper Dnieper and in the basin. Don. In Russia it lives in bass. Don (mainly in the Tsimlyansk Reservoir and above), in the basin. Upper Dnieper within the Smolensk region. and perhaps in the river. Desna within the Bryansk region. Found in the lower reaches of the river. Kuban and Akhtar-Grivinsky estuaries, although earlier in the river. Kuban was not registered.
Arctic char Davatchan. Category 2 fish. A subspecies of Arctic char whose numbers are declining. Distribution: First discovered in Lake. Frohlich, from where it was described as a subspecies of S. a. erythrinus. Inhabits northern mountain lakes. Transbaikalia, related to bass. Baikal and Lena, on the territory of the Chita and Irkutsk regions, the republics of Buryatia and Sakha (Yakutia). The distribution area in Transbaikalia is isolated from the rest of the species range, which is located in Siberia, much to the north; the populations living here have no connection with each other. In the bass. Baikal is found in lake. Frolikha and lakes in the upper reaches of the river. Tala (tributary of the Svetlaya River); in the bass Lena: in the bass. R. Teas - in the lake. Nomama and nameless lakes in the upper reaches of the river. Ogiendo, Kudushkit, Olokit; in the bass Vitima - in the lake. Oron, where it is currently extremely rare, 2 lakes in the upper reaches of the Ogorodny spring (basin tributary of the Oron river Kultushnaya), nameless lakes in the upper reaches of the river. Davatchanda (basin of the Tallai river) and Nerpinka, lake. Irbo, Padorinskoe, Dogaldynskie, Soli, Amudisa, Olongro (Signaiskoe), Leprindokan, Bolshoi Namarakit, Dzhelo, Davatchan (basin of Kalar Kalakan) and some others; in the bass Olekma - in the lake. Big and Small Leprindo, unnamed lake (Goltsovoye), connecting to lake. Big Leprindo; lake Davatchan (basin Ugargassy-Lurbuna-Chary), Kiryalta, Tokko, Usu, nameless lakes near lake. Nichatka (not found in Nichatka itself), in the interfluve river. Big and Small Torah, in the upper reaches of the river. Olondo (tributary of the Hani River). There may be a number of other as yet undiscovered populations.
Yellow-cheeked Category 1 is a critically endangered species. The only representative of the genus. Distribution: Lives in bass. Amura: r. Ussuri, lake Khanka, middle and lower reaches of the river. Amur (upstream to the village of Kumara, downstream to the village of Dudi). Bass. Amur is northern. boundary of the species' range.
yellowfin is an endangered, rare, poorly studied species. The only representative of the genus. Distribution: The main part of the range is located in China. In Russia it lives in bass. Cupid. It is found in the Amur in the Amurzet-Elabuga section, in the lake. Khanka, b. Ussuri. In the middle reaches of the Amur, in the area from the mouth of the river. Sungari to Khabarovsk has not been recorded in catches over the past 20 years. Bass. Amur is the north. the boundary of the species' distribution.
Kaluga category 1 is an endangered population of endemic bass. Cupid species. Distribution: The species is generally inhabited by bass. Amur from the lower reaches (including the estuary) to the upper reaches, including bass. pp. Shilka and Argun. The Zeya-Bureya population lives in the basin. Amur on a site located within the Chita and Amur regions. and the Verkhnebureinsky district of the Khabarovsk Territory (from the headwaters of the Shilka and Argun rivers to the village of Pashkovo).
Brown trout (White Sea-Baltic subspecies) category 2—bass brown trout, which are declining in population. Baltic Sea, represented by anadromous forms, lake trout (lake trout) and brook trout. Distribution: Within Russia in bass. The Baltic Sea anadromous form is found in the waters of the Gulf of Finland adjacent to the Leningrad Region, and in the sea waters of the Kaliningrad Region; comes to spawn in the rivers of the coast of these regions. Lake trout live in the bass. Ladoga, Onega and some lakes of Karelia. Brook trout inhabits streams and small rivers in Karelia, Leningrad, Pskov, Novgorod, Vologda, Tver and Kaliningrad regions.
Trout (Caspian subspecies) category 1 is an endangered anadromous form of the Caspian subspecies of brown trout. Distribution: Bass. Caspian Sea, mainly southwest. Part. On the territory of Russia it is included in the river. Terek, Samur and extremely rarely in the Volga and Ural.
Brown trout (Eisenam trout subspecies) category 2 are a declining form of lake trout. Narrow-area endemic. Distribution: Lives in high mountain lakes. Eisenam (Kozenoy-Am), which is located in the west. slopes of the Andean range. (North Caucasus) on the border between Dagestan and Chechnya. The lake is located at an altitude of 1870 m above sea level; has a T-shape, elongated from the north. to the south for 2 km, from the west. to the east at 2.7 km; the greatest width is 750 m. There is no surface runoff. In 1963, Eisenam trout were introduced into the newly formed lake. Mochokh in Nagorno-Dagestan.
Brown trout (brook trout of the Volga and Ural river basins) category 4 - residential form of bass brown trout of uncertain status. pp. Volga and Ural, currently separated from the passing form and existing autonomously. The number of remaining populations is unknown. Distribution: In Russia, brook trout is common in bass. Barents (including White), Baltic, Black and Caspian seas. In the bass. The Volga is inhabited by brook trout, which belongs to two subspecies: the White Sea-Baltic (S. t. trutta) and the Caspian (S. t. caspius). In the bass. The upper Volga (within the Tver region) is inhabited by brook trout of the Baltic and, possibly, Caspian subspecies, in the bass. Volga below Kazan (including the Kama river basin) - Caspian subspecies; taxonomic affiliation of brook trout bass. The Volga between Uglich and Kazan is not clear and the issue requires special study. In the bass. R. The Urals are inhabited by brook trout of the Caspian subspecies. Previously in Bass. Volga brook trout was widespread from the Saratov region. to the upper reaches, including bass. pp. Kama, Sura, Oka, etc. Currently, it is found in Tver, Ulyanovsk, Samara, Kirov, Perm (Iren river) and northern. parts of the Orenburg (Volga basin) region, in the republics of Tatarstan, Bashkortostan and Udmurtia. Oka, in particular, in the Moscow, Ryazan, Vladimir and Nizhny Novgorod regions, brook trout has completely disappeared. In recent years, it has not been discovered in the republics of Mari-El and Mordova, in the Yaroslavl and Saratov regions. In the bass. R. Ural brook trout lives only in its Russian part; in the 70-80s. its area of distribution included streams flowing into the river. Big Ik and Katraly (tributaries of the Sakmara River).
Trout (Black Sea subspecies) category 1 is an endangered anadromous form of the Black Sea subspecies of brown trout. Distribution: Lives in bass. Black and Azov seas. In Russia it is found in the Black Sea regions adjacent to the coast of the Krasnodar Territory; enters to spawn in certain rivers of the region flowing into the Black Sea. In the bass. The Sea of Azov is practically not found at present.
Lenok category 1 is a critically endangered group of populations of the blunt-snouted form of lenok. Distribution: The species is widespread in the rivers of Siberia, the Far East, China, Mongolia and Korea; is represented by sharp-snouted and blunt-snouted forms, which some researchers distinguish as independent species. In the bass. The Ob River on the territory of Russia is home to a morphologically and genetically unique group of populations of the blunt-nosed lenok, isolated from the rest of the range of this form (the Lena basin and to the east of it). Lenki bass. The Ob inhabits the reservoirs of the Altai Mountains (basin river Biya, including Lake Teletskoye, and Katun), the upper reaches of the river. Chulym and, possibly, r. Tomi. In the 19th and early 20th centuries. the lenok reached along the Upper Ob to Barnaul; Currently, the border of the range has retreated to the upper reaches, where exactly it lies is unknown, but, apparently, much higher upstream the confluence of the river. Biya and Katun, whose populations became isolated. In the bass. Katun has disappeared over the past decades in the largest lakes of the Katun Range. , where it was previously common. Habitat in Charysh is doubtful. Modern distribution in the bass. Chulym and Tom have not been studied; perhaps there are several scattered small populations in the very upper reaches of individual rivers.
Black Amur bream category 1 is an endangered species. Distribution: Widely distributed in Chinese waters. In Russia it lives in bass. Cupid. It is found in the Amur section mainly from Blagoveshchensk to Bolon, noted downstream to Novo-Ilyinovka and upstream - slightly above Blagoveshchensk; lives in the river Ussuri and lake Hanka. Bass. Amur is the north. boundary of the species' range.
lake salmon are a declining purely freshwater form of Atlantic salmon (salmon). Distribution: In Russia it is known as bass. Baltic (basin lakes Ladoga and Onega) and White (basin lakes Segozero, Topozero, Pyaozero, Vygozero, Kuito, Kamenoye, Lovozero, Kimasozero, Pyukozero) seas.
Mykizha category 3 is a rare anadromous form of mykiss (Kamchatka salmon) and a relict freshwater population of the Shantar Islands. Distribution: In Russia it is found in a limited area. The migratory form (Kamchatka salmon) is common in Western rivers. Kamchatka from the river Penzhiny to the river Large and possibly further south. Most numerous in the river. Snatolvayam, Kvachina, Utkholok, White-headed, Cloudberry, Sopochnaya, Bryumka, Vorovskaya. Reliable cases of capture in the river. Penzhina are not known. Occasionally found in the east. coast of Kamchatka in the region of the lake. Stolbovoe. Single recorded on the mainland coast of the Sea of Okhotsk in the river. Lonkovaya near Ola and in the Amur Estuary. Along the American coast, the anadromous form is known from Alaska to California. Shantar freshwater resident mykiss was found far beyond the main range of the species - in the river. Middle on the island Big Shantar.
Caspian lamprey category 2 - species, numbers are declining. Distribution: Endemic to the Caspian Bass. For spawning it enters the Volga, Ural, Terek and other rivers. Along the Volga it used to rise very high, entering the Kama, Vyatka, Sura, Oka, single specimens were found in the Moscow River, but after the construction of the Volgograd hydroelectric complex above the dam it ceased to be found. In the r. The Urals rises to the city of Orenburg and enters its tributary river. Sakmara.
Ukrainian lamprey category 2 - species, numbers are declining. Distribution: In Russia bass. pp. Dnieper, Don, Kuban. Small rivers of the Krasnodar region flowing into the Black Sea.
Nelma Category 1 is a critically endangered population of whitefish bass. R. Ural is a subspecies of nelma, endemic to bass. Caspian Sea. Distribution: The white fish was first mentioned by Pallas from the river. Oka, the type specimen does not have a clear connection to the area (Caspian, Volga, Ural). From the Caspian Sea it comes to spawn in the Volga, in small numbers in the Urals and rarely in single individuals in the Terek. In the Caspian Sea along the west. coast met up to Makhachkala, along the east. to Mangyshlak; in the open sea it lives in all parts of it, right down to the south. . In the past it was widespread in bass. Volga, the main spawning grounds were in the bass. Kama (Ufa river); currently it does not rise above the Volgograd dam. In the r. Ural, individual specimens rise to Orenburg and the village. Belyaevka, and along the tributary of the Urals the river. Sakmara to the village. Saraktash. Described from the river. Tura (bass. Ob). Inhabits all rivers of the Arctic Ocean from the White Sea to the west. to r. Mackenzie (Canada) to the east, in Russia to the river. Anadyr inclusive. In the European part of Russia it was previously found in the river. Ponoy, Kem (mouth), Onega (Lake Vozhe and Lacha); Recently it has disappeared from Kem and has become very rare in the river. Ponoy, lake Vozhe and Lacha. Lives in the river. Northern Dvina (to the upper reaches), Mezen, Pechora. In Pechora it came to spawn high upstream, recorded in the tributaries of the Ilych, Shugor, Usa and Adzva (up to the Vashutkin Lakes); in the upper reaches (Yaksha, Kurya) already in the 40s. encountered as single individuals. Cases of nelma entering the river are described. Korotaikha. Kubenskaya nelma (residential form) comes from the migratory Severodvinskaya salmon, which visited spawning grounds in the tributaries of Lake Kubenskoye. before the construction of a dam on the river in 1834. Sukhone.
Chinese perch, or auha. Fish of the stone perch family, category 1. A rare species, endangered. Distribution: In Russia, the middle and lower reaches of the Amur, Ussuri and lakes. Hanka. Currently, it does not occur below the city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Outside Russia there are rivers in China and the Korean Peninsula.
Amur sturgeon 1 is a critically endangered population of endemic bass. Cupid species. Distribution: The species is generally inhabited by bass. Amur from the lower reaches (including the estuary) to the upper reaches, including bass. pp. Shilka and Argun. The Zeya-Bureya population lives in the basin. Amur on a site located within the Chita and Amur regions. and the Verkhnebureinsky district of the Khabarovsk Territory (from the headwaters of the Shilka and Argun rivers to the village of Pashkovo).
Atlantic sturgeon - category 1, endangered. Distribution: Two forms of Atlantic sturgeon are known in Russian waters: migrating for spawning into rivers flowing into the Baltic, White (possibly) and Black Seas, and residential, permanently living in Lake Ladoga. Migrating large (weighing 36-215 kg) sexually mature individuals were repeatedly caught in the east. parts of the Finnish Hall. (Luga Bay, northern coast near Sestroretsk and Zelenogorsk), in the river. Neva (most often) and Luga. In the Kaliningrad region. occasionally caught in the sea, in the river. Pregolya and Curonian Hall. . In the White Sea it was recorded only once near the mouth of the river. Umbs. There are separate indications of the occurrence of some kind of sturgeon (most likely Atlantic) in the Northern Dvina in the 18th-19th centuries. In the coastal waters and rivers of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, isolated cases of catching sexually mature individuals have been recorded. Currently, entry into Russian sea waters (the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory) is possible from Georgia. Catch cases in Lake Ladoga. known since the end of the 19th century. , most often in the south. parts of the lake, including the Volkhov Bay and the river. Volkhov, as well as near the mouths and at the mouths of the river. Stormy, Vidlitsa, Olonka. Before the construction of the Volkhov hydroelectric station, it was caught in the river. Volkhov not only in the lower reaches, but also above the rapids. Along with local individuals in Lake Ladoga. Single mature fish were observed coming from the Baltic Sea.
Sakhalin sturgeon Category 1 fish, a very rare, little-studied species, endangered. Distribution: In Russia it is found in the Tatar Strait. and individual rivers flowing into it (Khabarovsk Territory, Sakhalin Region). Currently, only one river is reliably known - Tumnin (Khabarovsk Territory), where its natural reproduction has been preserved. Perhaps on a very limited scale it occurs in the river. Viakhtu (Sakhalin region). Previously, the distribution area covered all coastal areas of the sea around the island. Sakhalin, as well as sea waters along the coast of Primorsky Krai.
Siberian sturgeon, Baikal subspecies category 2 is a rapidly declining subspecies of Siberian sturgeon. Distribution: Oz. Baikal and the large rivers flowing into it. Selenga, Barguzin, Upper Angara. In the Upper Angara it may now have disappeared. In the 60-70s. was repeatedly released into a number of reservoirs in the European part of Russia (Galal of Finland, Lake Ladoga, Gorky and Volgograd Reservoirs), but was not naturalized anywhere.
Siberian sturgeon, West Siberian (Ob) subspecies category 2 - a subspecies with a rapidly declining population. Distribution: The species' range covers a vast territory of Siberia (basin rivers from the Ob to the Kolyma inclusive). The distribution area of the West Siberian subspecies is limited to the Ob-Irtysh basin. (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District, Tyumen, Sverdlovsk, Kurgan, Tomsk, Omsk, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo regions, Altai Territory, Altai Republic). North the border passes in the Gulf of Ob near Cape Drovyanoy. In the Ob itself, sturgeon is found along its entire length (3680 km) to the confluence of the river. Biya and Katun. Along the Katun I climbed 50-70 km, into the river. Biya stayed only in the mouth part. Recorded in Lake Teletskoye. . To date, there has been a reduction in the range of sturgeon in the bass. upper Ob. Nowadays it is not found in the river. Biya and Alei, and in Katun - above the village. Srostki (53 km from the mouth). Lives in the tributaries of the Ob river. Chulym, Charysh, Nadym, Irtysh (including in the Irtysh tributary - the Tobol river and the latter's tributaries - the Tura and Tavda rivers); sometimes found at the mouths of other large tributaries - Polui, Synya, etc. In Tazovskaya Bay it is widespread. In the r. The Taz is found up to 300 km from the mouth. In the r. The pur inhabits the lower 100 km stretch.
Palia longfin Svetovidova category 3 is a rare species, narrowly endemic, the only representative of the genus. Distribution: Described from Lake. Elgygytgyn (basin of the Anadyr river) in Central Chukotka. Not found outside of it
Palia smallmouth category 3 is a rare species, narrowly endemic. Distribution: Described from Lake. Elgygytgyn (basin of the Anadyr river) in Central Chukotka. Unknown outside of it.
The common sculpin category 2 is a widespread and declining species. Distribution: The entire European part of Russia, with the exception of the rivers of the Kola Peninsula. Recently discovered in the West. Siberia in the bass. pp. Irtysh and Katun. The taxonomic status of Siberian populations requires clarification.
Vendace Pereyaslovskaya category 2 is a declining form of European vendace. Distribution: In Russia it is found in bass lakes. Baltic, Barents and White seas, in the bass. the upper reaches of the Volga. Pereslavl vendace lives only in Lake Pleshcheyevo. (formerly Pereslavskoye, area 50 km2), located near the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky in the Yaroslavl region, which connects with the Volga through Veksa and the Bolshaya Nerl.
Volga herring category 2 is a declining subspecies of anadromous Caspian herring. Distribution: Bass. Caspian Sea. For spawning it enters the river. Volga (currently up to the dam of the Volgograd hydroelectric power station), Ural (only in the territory of Kazakhstan) and Terek (single copies).
Whitefish (Baunt subspecies) category 3 is a rare form of whitefish with spring spawning. Distribution: Lives in lake. Dorong, Baunt, Big Kapylyushi (formerly Oron) and Small Kapylyushi of the Tsipo-Tsipikansky (Bauntovsky) lake system in the north-east. parts of Transbaikalia (54-55° N and 112-113° E) at an altitude of 1100 m above sea level. All of them are through the bass river system. R. Tsipa are associated with the river. Vitim and Lena.
Whitefish (Volkhov subspecies) category 2 is a unique form of whitefish that is declining in numbers and has the highest growth rate among Ladoga whitefish. Distribution: South. part of Lake Ladoga, often near the mouths of the river. Volkhov and Svir. In the past, it entered many tributaries of the western river to spawn. and south the coast of Ladoga (Syas, Pasha, Svir); along the Volkhov, before the construction of the dam in 1926, it rose to the lake. Ilmen and included its tributaries Msta, Lovat, Pola, Shelon. Along Msta, where its best spawning grounds were, it rose to the lake. Mstina. In recent years, it was found only in the lower part of the Volkhov; after the reconstruction of the fish passage in 1976 in the dam of the Volkhov hydroelectric station, individual individuals may rise higher. Before the construction of the Svir dam, I climbed the Svir to its upper sections. Juvenile feeding grounds were found in western and south coast of the lake, to the east. juveniles reached the Shlisselburg Bay.
Soldatov's catfish , category 2, is a narrowly distributed species that is declining in number and is currently preserved only in the bass. Cupid. Distribution: Described from the river. Cupid near Yelabuga. In the Amur it is known from Blagoveshchensk to the estuary. Lives in the river. Ussuri and Sungari, in the lake. Khanka. At the end of the 19th century. found sporadically in the river. Razdolnaya, Primorsky Krai, is currently absent here.
Sterlet category 1 - individual populations of a widespread species that are under threat of extinction. Distribution: Lives in bass rivers. Black (including Azov) and Caspian seas, in the basin. pp. The Northern Dvina, Ob, Yenisei and Pyasina penetrated into the basin. Ladoga and Onega lakes. . Work was carried out to introduce sterlet into the river. Pechora. In Russia in bass. Dnieper is found in the Smolensk (Dnieper river) and Bryansk (Desna river) regions; in the bass Don - along its entire length from Rostov to Tula regions. ; in the bass R. Ural within the Orenburg region; in the bass R. Sura (a tributary of the Volga) in the republics of Mari-El, Chuvash and Mordovia, Nizhny Novgorod, Ulyanovsk and Penza regions; in the bass middle and upper Kama - within the republics of Udmurtia and Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug, Perm and Kirov regions; in the bass R. Kuban was found within the Krasnodar region.
Common taimen category 1 - endangered populations. Distribution: Widely distributed throughout Russia. Known in some rivers of the European part of Russia, in the rivers of Siberia from the Ob to the Indigirka, in Lake. Baikal and Teletskoye, in the basin. R. Amur, in the river Tugur and Uda. In the European part of Russia it occurs in bass. R. Kama (rivers Vishera, Kolva, Chusovaya, Belaya) and in the basin. R. Pechory. To the east the slopes of the Polar and Middle Urals lives in the left-bank tributaries of the Ob and Irtysh in the territories of the Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Tyumen and Sverdlovsk regions.
Sakhalin taimen 2 - declining populations of a species endemic to the Far East. Previously, Sakhalin taimen was classified as a member of the genus Hucho, but recent studies have shown the need to separate it into an independent genus. Distribution: Found in rivers and adjacent sea areas of the Khabarovsk and Primorsky territories, Sakhalin, Hokkaido and northern islands. parts of Honshu. On about. Sakhalin is found everywhere except in the north. parts (up to 51° N).
Kilda cod category 1 is an endangered, narrowly distributed subspecies of cod. Distribution: Lives only in a small lake. Mogilny on about. Kildin (Murmansk region) in the Barents Sea.
Tulka Abrau category 4 is a narrow-area species of uncertain status. Endemic to the lake. Abrau. Distribution: Lives only in closed freshwater lakes. Abrau (Krasnodar Territory), located near the city of Novorossiysk at an altitude of about 70 m above sea level. . Population of sprat from the lake. Abuliond in Turkey, previously classified as this species, is now identified as a form of the species.
Dnieper barbel category 1 is an endangered subspecies. Distribution: Inhabited by bass. Dnieper, Southern Bug and, possibly, Dniester. In Russia it lives in the Dnieper within the Smolensk region. and its large tributaries Desna and Nerussa in the Bryansk region.
Finta Atlantica category 4 is a subspecies with uncertain status. Currently, there is no sufficient information about the state in nature. Distribution: North-East. Atlantic from Norway (Bergun) to the coast of Spain. In Russian waters it was found in the Baltic Sea in the Gulf of Finland. and off the coast of the Kaliningrad region.
European grayling category 2 - declining populations of a widespread species. Distribution: The species range covers Europe from France and England to the west. up to rr. Kara and Ural to the east. and from r. Danube in the south to the Barents Sea in the north. Bass inhabits Russia. rivers flowing into the Baltic, Barents, White and Kara seas, bass. the upper and middle Volga (including the Kama basin) and the basin. R. Ural. In the bass. Oki disappeared. In the bass. R. The Urals are currently preserved only on the territory of Russia in several right-bank tributaries of the river. Ural (basin rivers Bolshoi Yushatyr, Bolshoy Ik and Sakmara). In the bass. the upper Volga is found in Tver, Moscow, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Vologda and, possibly, Ivanovo regions. (disappeared in the Nizhny Novgorod region); in the bass R. The Urals are in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Orenburg and, possibly, Chelyabinsk regions.
Black Cupid. Fish of the carp family, category 1. A rare species, endangered. Distribution: The main part of the species' range is in China. In Russia it is found in the Amur from the mouth of the river. Sungari to the estuary, in the river. Ussuri and lake Khanka. Over the past 15 years, it has not been found in the Amur below Khabarovsk. Bass. Amur is the north. boundary of the species' range. Introduced to a number of southern regions as an object for pond fish farming. regions of the country.
Shemaya Azov-Black Sea category 2 is a declining subspecies. Distribution: Inhabits the Azov and Black Seas, from where it enters rivers. Found all along the east. coast of the Azov Sea from Taganrog Bay. to the north tip of the Kerch Peninsula. In the r. Kuban rose to Ust-Labinsk and st. Tbilisskaya, went into the river. Channel, into all the main tributaries of the left bank of the Kuban (Afips, Psekups, Pshish, Belaya, Laba) and many of their tributaries. It rose along the Don to the Voronezh region, and is currently recorded higher. Along the Seversky Donets in some years it went beyond the borders of Russia into the territory of Ukraine. It was acclimatized in the Sengileevsky Reservoir, from where it penetrated into the Novo-Troitskoye Reservoir. and R. Bolshoy Egorlyk (Stavropol Territory) and further to the territory of Kalmykia in the Sostinsky lakes, Chograyskoye and Proletarskoye reservoirs. It is found in marine areas and some rivers of the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory.
Thorn category 1 - a species on the verge of extinction. Distribution: Range covered by bass. Black (including Azov), Caspian and Aral seas. In 1933, introduced from the Aral Sea to lake. Balkhash. In Russia in bass. Sea of Azov entered the river. Don and Kuban, in the Black Sea it was found along the coast of the Krasnodar Territory, in the bass. The Caspian Sea rose in the river. Ural, Volga and Terek (data on Terek needs clarification). Currently in Bass. The Sea of Azov has completely disappeared, and along the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory is practically not found, but can occasionally enter from the side of Georgia. In the r. The Urals are found up to Orenburg (previously it was noted above Orsk). Modern entries into the Volga are apparently random and limited to the delta, but before the construction of the dams, there was a known case of the species being caught in the Kazan region, and there are data that require clarification on encounters of the thorn in the bass. Volga within the Nizhny Novgorod (formerly Gorky) and Vladimir regions. In the r. The Terek was previously found before Mozdok and was always very rare; visits to it were probably random.
Pre-Caucasian spined loach category 3 is a rare, poorly studied species, distributed in a limited area, endemic bass. Caspian Sea. Distribution: Described from the river. Terek. Lives in bass. pp. Kuma, Terek, Sulak and Shura-ozen.
Features of spawning
Sexual maturity of shamaika fish occurs at the age of two years. Spawning occurs in warm water at night or at dusk; for this, it enters places where freshwater rivers rifts, where rapid currents and rocky bottoms predominate. flow,
The spawning process takes place in an organized manner. A small flock stands motionless for some time with their heads down against the current, suddenly makes a sharp jerk forward and with energetic movements of the tail frees itself from eggs and milt. Having finished spawning, they retreat together into the sea, and another group takes this place, then a third.
Interesting fact! The fertility of various species in different river waters ranges from 2.6 to 23.5 thousand eggs.
Small, inconspicuous eggs are fixed on the rocky bottom, in plants, and after 3-4 days the larvae appear. During the year, juveniles live in spawning areas for a long time. Having reached a weight of one gram, it goes to sea.
Shamayka fish spawn in different regions at different times:
- in Kuban - in autumn,
- Don shamaika - in early spring, sometimes in late winter.
- in Terek - strictly in December,
- in Bavaria - in May. That's why the fish here is called May whitefish.
Interesting fact! Shamaykas spawn 2-3 times during their life, only some are lucky enough to give birth to offspring up to 5 times.
