How to choose an anchor for your boat

Owners of small watercraft are encouraged to make an anchor with their own hands not only by the fairly high price of factory anchors. Standard anchors are produced weighing from 5 kg, which is a bit much for a boat with a displacement of up to 500 kg. Especially if they go out into a closed, calm water area (pond, small lake, river). The anchor alone takes up a lot of space in the vessel, and in a tiny boat, such as, for example, a dinghy or skiff, which is popular due to its high qualities, it is inconvenient to hold an unreasonably large anchor. But you can’t stand on just anything instead of a reliable anchor.

It was not for nothing that Joseph Conrad called anchors “honest pieces of iron”: neglecting the reliability of an anchor can cost the life of the boatmaster and passengers even close to the shore. A homemade anchor should hold the ship as firmly as a proprietary branded one, and should not get lost in the ground more often than it does. The reliability of commercially available ultra-light anchors is not guaranteed. Do not trust company certificates: no marine or river register will include an anchor weighing less than 5 kg in its register. Prohibited by international navigation safety regulations. And they, like army regulations, are written in human lives.

Fishing boat at anchor. Caricature

A real tangle of problems is the PVC boat anchor. Firstly, the anchor is only part of the anchor device, consisting of several structural units. Each of them, according to the main rule of strength of strength, “Where it is thin, it breaks,” must be no less reliable than the anchor itself. There is simply nowhere to place all this in an inflatable boat. Secondly, when inflatable boats in the budget price category began to be made not from rubber or rubberized fabric, but from plastic, it turned out that a raised anchor in such a boat could be dangerous - the number of accidents on the water caused by the rupture of the cylinder or the bottom of the boat by the anchor, has increased sharply.

The purpose of this article is to help a novice boatmaster solve the problem of choosing a prototype anchor for his vessel and tell him how to properly make an anchor in accordance with the type of vessel design, its displacement and sailing conditions. A significant part of the material is devoted to the choice and features of the manufacture of anchors for “ultra-small” vessels (up to 0.5 tons) operating on inland waters. The bottom in them is often marshy, muddy or peaty; in such a situation it is difficult both to ensure the proper holding force of the anchor and to prevent it from sinking into the ground.

Note: all inflatable boats have one more difference from normal displacement vessels - very low frictional resistance against the water. An inflatable boat clings to the water less strongly than a glider. On the one hand, this is good for calm water, since it is easier to keep the boat in the current. But in excitement, on the contrary, it is more difficult, because... the float boat tugs hard on the anchor rope. And anchoring an inflatable boat is also more difficult: he cannot rely on the vessel to pull him, lay him down properly on the ground and help him cling to him. Here, the anchor for an inflatable boat must rely only on itself: it should be laid correctly without a jerk from the vessel and have absolute tenacity (see below).

Is the cat an anchor?

To people who go fishing on an old rubber boat, all these considerations may seem far-fetched: of course, it is known that the long-established anchor for a rubber boat is a cat. And it’s not difficult to make: three pieces of reinforcement, two of which have flattened ends, a little bending, a little welding, and the cat is ready. And the tenacity of a cat is absolute if thrown correctly. It is not without reason that hook cats are used in other activities.

Firstly, in terms of holding power, the cat anchor is quite average. True, for a boat that glides through the water almost like a fallen leaf, this is not so significant. Another significant thing is that it is very easy to lose a cat on rocky or muddy ground. When scrap metal was lying everywhere underfoot, and the master at work and without a bottle allowed him to use welding and a bending machine for personal purposes, it didn’t matter, but now are different times.

Secondly, even then there were plenty of accidents on the water due to grapple anchors. And now it has turned out that a cat is dangerous not only in a PVC boat, but also in one made of plywood without a hull, like the same dinghies or skiffs. Molded folding crampons are safe, hold an ultra-small boat well on any ground, are compact, but are unfairly expensive. Although for a sewn boat with a rigid hull approx. A 2.5-3.5 m long homemade folding cat with a swivel paw is also suitable, see for example. video

Video: homemade cat anchor

However, in a PVC boat, even such a cat turns out to be bulky and dangerous for the vessel. Therefore, including what is said above, residents of coastal large waters do not consider a cat to be an anchor at all. And a sailor will never say: “give up the cat” or “stand on the cat,” just as he will not say “drop anchor.” A cat is not an anchor. But it is still possible to turn a cat into an anchor! Specifically for low water inflatable boats with a displacement of up to 300-400 kg. Moreover, it is very compact, convenient, reliable and safe. How exactly – we will return to this later.

A little about homemade anchors

And in conclusion, let us note a couple of nuances of using anchors made independently.

It happens that a PVC boat urgently needs an anchor, but there is no time to go shopping. In such cases, fishermen usually use available materials, i.e. massive loads: dumbbell, cobblestone, weight, piece of rail, etc. Of course, such “homemade products” cannot be called a full-fledged anchor, because It has already been noted that they simply fall to the bottom and hold the ship only due to their mass. At the same time, currents of even moderate strength are capable of carrying such a “load” and moving the PVC boat from its parking place. Therefore, the use of such devices is not encouraged, but if there is no other option, then you can still go fishing in a calm body of water.

Another thing is homemade anchors for PVC, made by analogy with factory designs. The manufacture of such a device will require much more materials, time and effort, but the result will be appropriate: a reliable anchor cast from metal with your own hands. Quite a lot of methods have been invented for making homemade anchors, and on the Internet you can easily find a method with suitable materials and a detailed working process. For example, here are 2 common methods.

Homemade anchors for PVC boats

Welded boat anchor

The materials used are a short metal pipe or rod, a steel sheet 2-3 mm thick and wire with a diameter of 10 mm. All work is divided into several stages:

1. Bending wire into a spindle.
2. Rod welding.
3. Attaching the fixing legs, strips and washers to the rod.
4. Welding the ends of the spindle at the rod.

The result is a strong device with several tenacious legs - an excellent option for fishing on PVC boats 2.5-4 m long.

Cast boat anchor

This method is less labor-intensive, but requires more materials and work space. To make it, take 5-6 kg of lead, melt it and pour it into a pre-selected mold. Next, paws are made in the workpiece, holes for fastening are drilled and a rope is passed through them. That's it, the design is ready for use.

Thus, most owners can make an anchor for a PVC boat at home, because... The design is not particularly complex.

Basic Rules

Weight and cable

The main thing that determines the reliability of an anchor is its mass, weight. For rowing and motor boats with a rigid hull up to 5 m in length, the mass of the anchor must be taken at least 1% of the displacement of the vessel when fully loaded, but for a displacement of up to 500 kg - at least 2.5 kg. For the same vessels equipped with permanent or standard removable sailing rigs, the weight of the anchor is increased by 25-50%, in case of anchoring under the spar. If the anchor is Admiralty (see below), its mass is increased by another 20%. The tensile strength of the anchor chain or cable must be at least 50 anchor weights.

Note: the reliability of the anchor is greatly increased by replacing the part of the anchor cable closest to the anchor with a chain. For a boat up to 4.5 m long and with a displacement of up to 500 kg, it is enough to replace the first 1.5-2.5 m of cable from the anchor with a chain.

It is advisable to take the weight of the anchor for inflatable boats used in inland waters according to their human capacity. The calculation formula, if there are no sails and the boat can carry no more than four people, is simple: anchor as many kg as there are people holding the boat, and add 0.5 kg. With sails and chain it is more difficult; general data is summarized in the table:

Note: if the anchor is Admiralty, its mass is increased by 20% compared to the tabular one.

Center of gravity

The next point is the distribution of the mass of the anchor over its height (assuming that the anchor is vertical). An anchor that is overweight at the top will drag along the bottom, bouncing, and will not catch on. An anchor that is too heavy at the bottom may sit on its heel and also not catch, or it will be sucked into the ground. The center of gravity (CG) of the anchor should be 1/6-1/8 of its height, but for different types of anchors its position is fixed. Therefore, even experienced shipbuilders do not allow themselves to arbitrarily change the proportions of anchors. If you have to do this, then you need to look at where the CG of the prototype is located, in the standard for it, or, if this is unknown, then calculate it. The center of gravity of a homemade anchor should be at the same relative height as that of a standard anchor or a practice-tested sample.

Weight and holding surface

The ratio of the mass of the anchor to the area of ​​its holding surface is also important, i.e. to the surface of the paws, normally buried in the ground, counteracting the traction force from the vessel. Anchors in this regard obey the square-cube law: when the size of the anchor changes, its mass changes along the cube, and the holding surface changes according to the square. If, for example, you reduce the size of a standard anchor to fit your vessel, then its weight will decrease relative to the holding surface, and the anchor may lose reliability. Therefore, the dimensions of the anchor will need to be changed so that the mass/holding surface ratio remains within acceptable limits. And for beginners, don’t be tricky with the dimensions of the chosen sample.

Note: a way to bring the weight of a reduced anchor to normal is to fill part of the hollow spindle (see below), or the entire spindle, with lead. We will remember him again.

Tenacity

For ultra-small sewn and inflatable boats, the tenacity of the anchor is of particular importance. It is characterized by how much tug is needed on the anchor rope/chain in order for the anchor to fall into the desired position, and how long it will drag before it catches. Anchors are considered absolutely tenacious; they themselves lay on the bottom as they should and immediately bite into the ground. For any small boats, these are the ones you should choose.

What parameters should a boat anchor have?

In addition to design features, in order to choose the right anchor for a PVC boat, you need to pay attention to several more factors.

Material of manufacture

The source materials influence the calculation of the weight and dimensions of the PVC boat anchor, as well as the service life of the device. As a rule, factory anchors are made of stainless metal alloys, but homemade devices are unpredictable, because... craftsmen use everything from metal to plastic and concrete. Actually, the key to long-term service of the anchor is not even the material itself, but the presence of an anti-corrosion zinc coating on it. It is the protective coating that prevents the development of oxidation and corrosion processes on the metal, and consequently contributes to the long and successful operation of the device.

What should the anchor rope be like?

The composition of the cable that secures the anchor to the PVC boat is also extremely important. Boat ropes are made from natural and synthetic materials, among which the leading ones are:

• nylon;
• nylon;
• hemp;
• sisal.

It is preferable to purchase synthetic ropes, because... they are more durable and resistant to the external environment.

Also, when choosing a cable, its length, thickness and tensile strength are of great importance. Regarding the first parameter, we note that the length of the anchor rope is ideally selected to match the depth of the reservoir, exceeding the depth value by 3-5 times, because The longer the rope, the stronger the grip of the anchor. For example, if you plan to access a lake with a depth of 10 m, then about 30 m of halyard will be required. However, fishermen often neglect this rule and use ropes of 15-20 m.

But in terms of cable thickness and tensile strength, it is better not to deviate from the recommended values. The breaking force should be 70 times the weight of the anchor, and the thickness of the cable should preferably be at least 12 mm. In general, you can often see a recommendation for a thickness of 7-10 mm, but user reviews indicate that such a rope is simply inconvenient to assemble - a thin rope hurts your hands.

How to properly anchor an anchor

Experienced fishermen carefully calculate the attachment of the anchor to the PVC boat, because... loss of anchorage threatens immediate mooring to the shore. You can tie the anchor in different ways, the main thing is to provide an alternative pulling lever. It will be needed in case of such misfortunes as an anchor getting caught on a snag, getting stuck in the ground, etc.

For anchor “crampons”, for example, it is recommended to use a safety ring (like on a key fob) as a second fastening. The main knot fastening is carried out through the lower ring of the anchor, located under the paws, while the rope is left loose. The auxiliary lever is formed at the top of the spindle, and the cable is not passed directly through the hole, but is secured using a key ring, a plastic fastener or a loop of fishing line. In this case, when the anchor is hooked, the upper fastening is easily torn off with a powerful jerk, the paws turn down under the influence of force and the anchor is freely pulled out by the same cable.

A similar method can be applied to other types of boat anchors. The only thing when purchasing is to make sure that the trend is equipped with an additional hole for alternative cable fastening.

Types of anchors

Anchors have been used by all those floating on water for thousands of years, and thousands of their designs have been invented. But in practice, few have taken root - the anchor is extremely important for the safety of navigation.

The types of currently common anchors and the names of the main parts of the anchor are shown in the figure:

Types of anchors for large and small vessels

If a cable or chain is attached not to a freely dangling ring - an eye - but to one fixed rigidly on a spindle, or to a bracket, rotating or tightly fixed, then this is no longer an eye, but a butt of the anchor. Very often, a small eye or butt is attached to the trend, and a thin line - buirep - with a buoy floating on the surface of the water is tied to it. Pulling on the buoy rope most often manages to free the stuck anchor, but if you pull on the cable/chain, it only clings more tightly.

Note : what M means, see below.

Proportions of the Admiralty anchor

The Admiralty anchor has been known since the Stone Age: then it was made of wood with a stone stem. This anchor is reliable on any bottom, but, firstly, it is heavy, because... realizes no more than half of the potential holding force, and is cumbersome. On old sailing ships, it was raised and hung from special powerful beams, called crambols, sticking out obliquely from the bow of the ship. Secondly, in shallow water or when the water level drops (for example, at low tide), the ship can sit with its bottom on the anchor horn sticking up. You can partially get rid of the bulkiness by making the rod removable. The great advantage of the Admiralty anchor is its simplicity of design and proportions, verified over centuries, see fig. on the right, and suitability for vessels of any displacement, including toy boats. To obtain the dimensions of an Admiralty anchor of less weight, straight lines in Fig. just extend to the left. A serious drawback is weak tenacity: in order for the rod to tip the anchor into the correct position and the paw to bite into the bottom, you need to pull the cable/chain quite hard and drag the anchor. The Admiralty anchor can be recommended for boats equipped with sails and going out into deep water.

The Porter (more precisely, Porter-Trotman, in the figure) and Northhill anchors are modifications of the Admiralty one. Rarely used, because are not without its disadvantages, giving in return few advantages. Hall's anchor is a truly brilliant find: Hall came up with the idea of ​​entrusting the task of the rod to the loose arms with a skirt at the bottom, and to ensure full grip of the anchor, he made them rotatable. Hall anchor for ships approx. from 5 tons of displacement has no disadvantages and currently absolutely dominates the fleets. But it is also applicable for inflatable boats without sails: the too small ratio of weight to holding surface in this case is compensated by the low friction of the boat with the water. Therefore, we also give standard proportions of the Hall armature (see figure), for comparison with amateur samples.

Hall anchor drawings and dimensions

Note: the Hall anchor is a technologically complex product. For its reliability, the location of the centers of gravity of its components is also important, which is also standardized.

Letter M in Fig. with types of anchors denotes the Matrosov anchor (see figure). In the vessel's displacement range of approx. 1-100 t it turns out to be more reliable than the Hall anchor with a lower mass; especially on weak bottom soil. The Matrosov anchor is interesting to us because its method of creating holding force is fundamentally different than that of the Admiralty and Hall anchors: the Matrosov anchor is actually one-legged. This method allows us to create absolutely tenacious anchors of extremely low mass for very light ships, which is what we need.

Drawings and dimensions of Matrosov's anchor

Matrosov’s idea was brought to its logical conclusion by Danforth, who designed an anchor in which the ratio of mass to holding surface is theoretically equal to... 0! That is, the Danforth anchor (see the next figure for its drawings and dimensions) can, in principle, be made even from paper, as long as it does not get wet and break. But - up to a certain upper limit of the vessel’s displacement; This is where the square-cube law comes into play. For those who know something about mathematics: Danforth realized what part of the curves on the graph of certain characteristics of the anchor can be approximated by a straight line, the derivative of which, as is known, = 0.

Drawings and dimensions of the Danforth anchor

The Danforth anchor dominates small shipping as much as the Hall anchor dominates large shipping. To recalculate its dimensions to a smaller mass is simply the same as for the Admiralty: we do linear extrapolation, and that’s all. A fork anchor is theoretically the same as a Danforth anchor, only more technologically advanced for self-production and more reliable on a rocky bottom: it is more difficult to break one powerful paw than one of two of the same total area.

Note: Matrosov and Danforth anchors are often supplied to large ships as spares or werps (taken out on a boat).

The plow anchor is also theoretically “zero” and has no equal in terms of specific holding surface area, although its tenacity is approximately the same as that of the Admiralty. Therefore, patented plow anchors of various types (Delta, Bruce, etc.) are quite popular abroad among sailing yachtsmen on ocean yachts. But storing an anchor-plow on a ship is extremely inconvenient. The only suitable place for this is the bow roller, and even then, the plow anchor, in addition to the tightly stretched anchor chain, has to be tied down with three more cables: an upper one and a pair of side ones, so that the hole in the hull is not plowed. Anyone who has gone out to sea, even with a bull on an elastic band, will read about this fashionable fad and just shake their head: what if the plow anchor needs to be quickly released at night during a storm? What will happen then? We are interested in the plow anchor because it is the origin of the mushroom-shaped anchor, which is undeservedly little known to owners of PVC boats, see below.

Note: in large-scale shipping, fire guards are often placed on plow anchors - ships without power, assigned for a long or eternal stay in a certain place in the water area (floating warehouses, berths, guard posts, barracks, prisons, etc.).

About Kurbatov's anchor

Among fork anchors, the Kurbatov welded anchor is popular among domestic amateurs (see figure below). It holds a boat well with a displacement of approx. from 300 kgf on our usual bottom soils: sandy, clayey, silty. In the northern United States and Canada, where the bottom of river streams is often rocky, the Trident anchor with a 3-prong double-width fluke (bottom right in the figure) has proven to be more reliable. The second thing that can be said about Kurbatov’s anchor is that it doesn’t hold 1-2 seater inflatable boats on calm water in windy weather; it crawls along a weak bottom. Since in this case the matter is corrected by the weight (see below), it remains to be assumed that the low weight of this anchor has an effect. Danforth developed the theory of a zero-mass anchor, but its actual weight still affects the properties of practical structures. And this can be very useful specifically for the anchor of a PVC inflatable boat, see below.

Drawings of the Kurbatov anchor and the appearance of the Trident anchor

What types of boat anchors are there?

First, let's figure out which anchor to choose for a PVC boat or boat, based on the design features of the device. The design determines the dimensions, weight and principle of operation of the anchor, and also directly affects its cost.

Anchor-Cat

The design is folding type, with retractable paws that firmly cling to the bottom of the reservoir. Such anchors weigh from 1.5 to 20 kg and are considered universal, because can be freely used on reservoirs with sandy, rocky, silty and other soils. At the same time, the folding type of design gives the device minimal dimensions and ease of use. Even if such an anchor gets stuck on a snag or unsuccessfully crawls under a stone, if the knot is made correctly, it can be easily released: a strong jerk will turn the anchor over and the claw mechanism will automatically fold.

You may be interested in: Installing a boat motor and adjusting angles and heights

The properties listed above are appreciated by users, which is why “Cat” is the most popular choice of anchor for a PVC boat.

Cat anchor for PVC boat

Hall

A device with swinging paws that provide reliable grip on sand, silt and pebble soil. When casting, the anchor falls flat down, and subsequently, under the force of the tension of the chain, the tide clings to the bottom, and the paws turn, going deeper into the ground. As a result, the anchor is securely fastened, and even when the vessel turns 360°, its grip does not weaken.

Thanks to such a simple but reliable principle of operation, in the 19th-20th centuries the Hall anchor made a real splash in the maritime industry, and ensured its widespread use for almost 100 years. Today, due to its monolithic heavy construction, it is practically not used on small vessels. In the USSR and Russia, the Matrosov anchor was designed based on the Hall principle, which is considered an improved analogue. But this design is used quite rarely: the Matrosov anchor is selected by the owners of a large PVC boat (from 3.5 m) or a vessel with a rigid frame.

Hall anchor

Mushroom

Specially designed for anchoring a vessel in places with frequent gusty winds and strong currents. In shape, these anchors resemble a mushroom turned upside down, and this very “hat” is the main clinging force. The effectiveness of this design is especially noticeable when used on reservoirs with viscous bottom soil (sand, silt). Also, a mushroom-shaped anchor is convenient to use on a pebble bottom, because due to the absence of protruding paws, it will easily sink into the ground, but will not “tightly” cling to cobblestones, snags and other obstacles. In addition, owners of PVC boats appreciate this type of anchor for its rounded shape (the edges are not dangerous for inflatable sides), sufficient weight (models weighing 1-15 kg are produced) and compact dimensions

Mushroom anchor

Danforth

Also among boat anchors for PVC, devices designed by Danforth stand out. In part, they resemble the Hall anchor already described above, but in comparison with it they burrow much deeper into the ground. The design is also monolithic, heavy and with pointed legs. Among the advantages, the increased holding power and all the positive aspects that follow from this stand out. The disadvantages are large dimensions, difficult entry into rocky soil (corrected by the larger mass of the anchor) and strong “burrowing” in sand and silt (sometimes it is extremely difficult to pull out a stuck anchor).

Danforth anchor

Thus, grapple anchors and mushroom type devices are most suitable for most PVC boats. They are sufficiently stable, have optimal dimensions, and are also very convenient to use and transport.

About floating anchors

A drogue does not hold the ship in place. He holds it with his nose against the wave or current. In fleets, standard floating anchors are rarely used, except on expedition ships. Probably from a sailor's superstition: during a voyage or voyage (if the ship is a military one), the sea anchor is most often thrown out when it is time to give an SOS. Any floating anchor operates on the principle of a parachute.

However, in amateur fishing, floating anchors find quite utilitarian use. Some species of fish swim downstream in a school to feed, and then leave the core and return to their original position. It is clear that by staying in a boat above the school, you can expect a larger catch.

It is very easy to make a fishing anchor for a PVC boat from 4-5 2 liter PET bottles, holding them in a row with tape. Then the ends of a nylon cord are tied to the necks of the outer bottles, a loop of it is tied behind the bottoms and tied with the same tape. The rope from the boat is tied to a loop of the cord. So it is necessary that the bottles meet the flow of the current with the most streamlined surface, and rely on the thrust from the boat to rest against the least streamlined water, as befits a parachute. Setting up such a sea anchor for almost any boat is also easy: to do this, the bottles are partially filled with water or sand.

How to choose an anchor for a PVC boat?

Among many owners of inflatable PVC boats, there is an opinion that it is not necessary to use an anchor to hold the vessel in place - they are confident that this role can be fulfilled by any load: a track from a caterpillar, a piece of rail, a backing rail plate or a bunch of stones. That's why most people use such homemade anchor devices, completely ignoring the presence of special boat anchors.

An improvised homemade anchor, the principle of operation of which is based solely on massiveness, is good in the only case - if the bottom of the reservoir is rocky and dense, which does not allow the anchor's legs to catch well on the ground. In all other cases, it is much better and more convenient to use hooked anchors.

How to get rid of a stock

Let's take another look at the drawings of the anchors most suitable for inflatable boats: Danforth and Kurbatov. What is bad about them for a PVC boat? Right. Stock. It gets in the way in a tight boat and can damage it.

How to make a Danforth anchor without a rod

“Theoretically-paper” Danforth anchors are necessarily equipped with a rod (on the left in the figure); without it, they lose the properties of self-alignment, absolute tenacity, and on a loose bottom they become unreliable. But let's think again: after all, a real anchor definitely weighs something. How to use its mass to get rid of the stem while maintaining all other qualities? The result is (see photo on the right in the figure):

• Let's increase the weight of the anchor by making it (to overall dimensions 220..250x350 mm) legs made of 5 mm steel, a spindle and axle of the legs made of 14 mm rod, and a butt of 10 mm.
• Move the paws away from the spindle for approx. by 1/5 of their width.
• Let's replace the installation blades-limiters of the Danforth anchor with a skirt, similar to that of a Hall anchor, and protrusions welded onto the lower end of the spindle, against which it will rest (the angle of rotation of the paws is 30 degrees).
• At the same time, we’ll round the ends of the paws so that we don’t tear the boat.

And - amazing thing! This hybrid anchor also turns out to be absolutely tenacious and self-aligning! Unfortunately, there is no theory for it yet. In the same way as for rodless anchors for inflatable boats with Hall camber, see Fig.

The influence of the camber of the arms of a PVC boat anchor on the need to supply it with a rod.

How to make your own anchor on the right in the figure, which looks similar to the Hall anchor, and download its drawings, see video:

Video: homemade anchor for a PVC boat

Danforth's anchor is still a teenager among his brothers, and sometimes unexpected properties are discovered in him. So, for example, if the same boat and under the same sailing conditions, which the Kurbatov anchor does not hold well (see above), is equipped with a Danforth “paper” anchor weighing only 1 kg, it will hold it. And another amateur idea, proven in practice, is to make a Danforth anchor for a 1-2-seater boat PVC detachable legs, rearranged either with a convergence towards the spindle, or with a camber outwards. In the first case, it will be better to hold the anchor on dense and rocky soils, and in the second - on a loose, weak bottom. How to make a transformer anchor for a PVC boat, see next. video:

Video: DIY transforming anchor

One thing is clear: Hall’s method of self-installing the anchor at the bottom using the camber of the legs and the skirt allows you to get rid of the rod. Many amateurs, without knowing it, make themselves lightweight anchors with increased holding power with claws and a rod, like the original Danforth one, see fig. below. But in this case, the anchor needs a rod like a ship’s cat needs a canary seed. Without a rod, such an anchor will only cling faster and become more reliable.

How to get rid of a rod in a PVC boat anchor

Requirements for anchors for an inflatable boat

An inflatable boat made of PVC is distinguished by maneuverability and lightness, however, there are a lot of designs of boats made of this material and each has its own differences. Despite all the diversity, there are general requirements for anchors for inflatable boats and they are as follows:

• Reliability of securing the boat under any conditions.
• Compact and minimal weight.
• Convenient design.
• Durability, corrosion resistance.
• Folding option if possible.

  

The anchor, as a holding force, must have an appropriate design and optimal weight, which is calculated based on the vessel's displacement. This calculation will be presented below.

The choice of anchor type and weight is influenced by the following factors: • Bottom topography; • Current on a reservoir; • Wind speed; • Weather.

If the current is strong or the weather is unfavorable, you should play it safe by securing the boat with two different anchors, one of which has rotating blades.

To avoid damaging the hull of the inflatable boat, it is better to use a folding anchor carried in a case; it will not cut a hole in the fabric.

And yet the cat is an anchor!

It's time to remember the cat anchor and at the same time the mushroom anchor, because... they are also interconnected. The path of origin of the mushroom anchor from the folding cat is illustrated by the left part of the trace. rice. The good thing about a mushroom anchor is that, with minimal dimensions and complete safety for an inflatable boat, it holds it on a very, very weak bottom - deeply silted, floating fine sand, etc. And also because its size and weight are smaller than other anchors, depending on the length and displacement of the vessel. However, a mushroom-shaped anchor for a marshy bottom must be equipped with a butt on the trend: it is impossible to pull it out by the eye or butt if it gets pulled into the ground without scooping it up with the side.

From grapple anchor to mushroom anchor. Drawings of a folding mini cat anchor for a PVC boat

You can make a mushroom-shaped anchor from the bottom of a household gas cylinder; Already an anchor from the bottom of a 5 liter cylinder reliably holds a 1-2 seater PVC boat. The bottom of the cylinder is cut off where it meets the vertical walls (the tangent slope is the same as that of the Admiralty anchor - 40 degrees). 3-4 holes with a diameter of 30-40 mm are cut into the bottom so that the soil is pressed through them and does not clog the anchor blade.

The spindle of a mushroom-shaped balloon anchor is made from a piece of steel pipe with a diameter of 40-60 mm. Its length for 1-2 seater boats is from 200 mm; for 3-4 seater – from 300 mm. The butt of their bent 10 mm reinforcement is welded to the top of the spindle. And to the trend - a 6-8 mm shank. For complete reliability of such an anchor, the spindle is filled with lead at any bottom.

The evolution of the grapple anchor can be taken along a different path, as exemplified by the drawings of a folding mini-anchor for a 1-3-seater PVC boat in the rest of the picture. Its method of creating holding force is completely unique: when dragged, this anchor turns, screwing into the bottom soil or clinging to stones with its paws. For greater reliability, it is advisable to weld its spindle from pipe sections and fill it with lead. The tenacity of this anchor is not great: it needs to be wired about a meter to secure it properly. But the folded mini-anchor can be carried in your pocket, and it is a non-losing anchor: a tug on the anchor-cable is enough for its stuck paw to come out of the crack or for the anchor pulled into the swamp to go up (vira, as a sailor would say).

Cat made from scrap materials

The grapple anchor has one more advantage: it can be made from scrap materials. Specifically, from a couple of crooked fragments or scraps of branches for the paws, a stone of a suitable size and shape, and another piece of a crooked branch or flyer for the spindle. The paw branches are tied crosswise, a stone is tied to the crosshair; then add a flyer or a spindle branch to it. There are cases where people survived in extreme conditions thanks to a homemade grappling anchor made from scrap materials.

Note: however, do not forget that the inherent defect of any grapple anchor is that the boat can sit on its paw with the bottom!

Criteria for choosing an anchor for an inflatable boat

To choose a good and reliable anchor for an inflatable boat, you need to know the criteria by which they should be selected. There are several such criteria:

1. Compactness. Boat anchors have a folding design to take up little space during transportation. In the working position, the paws unfold and engage the ground, and in the transport position they fold and the anchor decreases in size several times;
2. Reliability of fixation. A good anchor should hold the ship even in strong currents or gusty winds;
3. Easy to get on and off the hooks. If this is not the case, you risk leaving the anchor on the bottom on your first voyage;
4. Low weight. An anchor weighing 3 kg has a holding force of 300 kg - this is several times more than that of a track weighing 15 kg.
5. Corrosion resistance. Good anchors are made of stainless alloys, gray cast iron, or coated with a special anti-corrosion compound.

If there is something wrong with the anchor

For sewn and, especially, inflatable boats, the weight and compactness of the anchor are of decisive importance, so anchors for them should be made as light as possible. But what if the anchor crawls?

A way to increase the holding force of an anchor has been known for a long time: a weight on an anchor-cable or anchor-chain, top left in Fig. Anyone who remembers school physics can easily calculate that a load of half the weight of an anchor can double its holding force or more. For a light anchor of an inflatable or sewn boat, a lead weight of 1-2 kg is sufficient; it won't take up much space. For installation on the cable, the weight is equipped with a carabiner; it can be firmly secured to the weight. They lower the load on a fishing line, which is always at hand when fishing.

Ways to increase the holding force of an anchor and free a stuck anchor

Another emergency situation with the anchor is stuck. The way to free a stuck anchor is also known: a buoy attached to a trend and a float buoy. To get the anchor out of the dead hook, pull the buoy rope. If there is no support for it at the anchor, and the bottom is obviously “mean” (marsh, rocky), the buoy can be tied to the trend, as shown in Fig.

On small vessels, holding a buoy and a buoy is often inconvenient. If the anchor has swivel legs or one of its modifications, a radical means of turning the anchor into a non-losing one is a sliding eye, pos. a-d in Fig. The most reliable is the sliding eye in pos. c, but the anchor with it is cumbersome. Release the anchor as shown in pos. d: they allow the ship to move against the tension of the anchor cable.

How to choose

It is impossible to name any one, best model. The choice will be influenced by fishing conditions.

When fishing with a spinning rod, you need to be mobile, quickly unanchor and move to another location. This means that when spinning fishing, the anchor should not be heavy and can be easily pulled out of the water.

When float fishing, when no movement is required, a heavy anchor will provide you with the necessary stability and maximum immobility of the boat.

A muddy or sandy bottom is ideal for a claw anchor. Where the bottom is dense and rocky, a heavy mushroom-shaped anchor will work well.